Wind direction and speed are the two vital factors. But difficult to calculate.
It can be done with a Dalton flight computer. You have to compare a navigation Fix with your estimated position on the map. (A Fix can be obtained for instance from at least two radio Beacons).
It's a very complex subject and that's why navigators training was so lengthy.
Flying long distances at night or in cloud exposed in WW2 the great weaknesses in Dead Reckoning (DR) navigation.
The RAF bombers early in WW2 relied on Dead Reckoning at night. Most of the bombs dropped were miles off target.
Look up the one in 60 rule.
Flying in daylight within sight of the ground though is far simpler.
Best Regards,
MB_Avro
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